Cách mạng 4.0 và logistics tại Việt Nam
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
4.0 REVOLUTION AND VIETNAM’S LOGISTICS
CÁCH MẠNG 4.0 VÀ LOGISTICS TẠI VIỆT NAM
Lê Vĩnh Trương
Trường ĐH Công nghệ TP.HCM
Cao Minh Trí
Trường ĐH Mở TP.HCM
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
4.0 industry revolution is on the way to sweep about and all Vietnamese industries will be affected, in
which its logistics is one of the most affected. This paper was aimed at studying the possibilities of the influence
on logistics industry in Vietnam by reviewing Klaus Swabs, Aida Aryani Shahroom, Norhayati Hussin (from
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences), Deloitte and PWC specialists.
Domestic and international articles on the 4.0 industry revolution have been approached in order to infer the
governmental, entrepreunial as well as epistemical circles on this novelt and vast theme. Chronological studies
and state documents reading were in a geographic analysis. The method of comparison, the critical spirit and
the generalizing method were applied. Comparison in foreign policies as well as domestic policies were also
relied to.
Keywords: 4.0 industry revolution, logistics industry, Vietnam
Tóm tắt
Cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 đã và đang tác động mạnh mẽ đến tất cả các ngành công nghiệp, kinh
doanh tại Việt Nam, trong đó hoạt động logistics là một trong những ngành chịu tác động mạnh nhất. Mục tiêu
của nghiên cứu này là xem xét khả năng ảnh hưởng đến ngành logistics tại Việt Nam thông qua việc lược khảo
các nghiên cứu, báo cáo của Klaus Swabs, Aida Aryani Shahroom, Norhayati Hussin (từ tạp chí International
Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences), các chuyên gia của Deloitte và PWC. Các bài
báo trong nước và quốc tế về cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0 cũng được lược khảo để so sánh, phân tích, tổng hợp,
đánh giá các khía cạnh liên quan đến chính sách vĩ mô của nhà nước cũng như chiến lược của doanh nghiệp
Việt Nam.
Từ khóa: cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0, ngành logistics, Việt Nam
1. Introduction
Some scholars have been optimistic about the development of logistics and the coordination
between logistics and 4.0 industry revolution in Vietnam market in labor employment, infrastructure
deployment as well as the governance. They are Aida Aryani Shahroom, Norhayati Hussin, CSIRO,
PWC, Dionisis Kolokotsas, Truong Minh Vu, Nguyen Vu Nhat Anh. Others are more careful and
fairly conservative as Luis C Blancas, Pham Thi Hoang Anh, Yao-Te Tsai, Xuan Duong Nguyen. The
third of them are those writers and policy makers ambiguous or having both positive and careful ideas
include Pham Thi Hoang Anh, Yao-Te Tsai, Klaus Swabs, BDC Study, Ngô Quang Dũng (Nhan Dan
Newspaper).
Vietnam transportation businesses tend to stay still out of shortage in resources and drivers. In
the heart of M&A and 4.0 whirlwind across Vietnam, firms have no defense and have to accept the
rule from bigger and stronger firms from abroad. However, motives of profits and market leading may
make national companies get connected to 4.0 industry revolution and adjust successfully with the 4.0
industry revolution. Trying to absorb the new, to study the innovative and to apply the better, many
businesses have endeavored to skate the waves and become leaders in the market.
In a third scenario, it is a tug of war between the two factors. One is the profit-driven and
innovative forces of entrepreneurs, the other is the inertia of governance and public servants. The
638
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
retardation from the government with the drastic change of the digital technology is clinical world-
wide and it threatens the existence of the entities as well.
The 4.0 revolution industry has urged Vietnam businesses and firm to enter a new era of fierce
fights. Beside the corporate developments as Go Viet, Liven Guide, Piepme, Vietnamta who could make
use of the new era and concepts, many have not yet visualized where they are and where they should start.
2. Discussion
The Vietnam Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc encouraged: please come and create 4.0
products in Vietnam because Vietnam is ready to facilitate and realize strategies, programs and plans on
promoting development in the process of digital transformation and building a 4.0 industry”. The
Holland Deputy Prime Minister stated Vietnam had set a rapid and sustainable growth target in the next 5
years. Five major orientations are improving institutions and legal policies, especially laws on investment,
attracting and using foreign investment; supporting businesses, promoting entrepreneurship and
innovation, encouraging the private economy to thrive to become economy important driver.
In terms of entrepreuneur, Vingroup identified key points to promote strong investment. They are
focusing on human resources and infrastructure to develop software production via VinTec, besides
VinSmart, heeding on AI. Focusing on VinTech City high-tech, development and application center as
Silicon Valley in Hanoi.
In reality, we can see three tendencies of carefulness, eagerness and a mixture of vigilance and
participation. Those are the base for the three scenarios to take place.
2.1. Highly careful: preparation insufficient for applications
Firstly, one has to agree upon the Industrial Revolution of 4.0. (IR 4.0.) is the continuity in a
higher level upon Industry 3.0. (automated production through application of electronics and IT) and
its inter-pillars of biology, nanotechnology and physics.
Secondly, Vietnam logistics is the logistic development of Vietnam in connection with multi-
modal regional and international environment which bear in itself the weight and burden of the newly
developed trading and retardation of administrative mechanism.
Going to the point, Deloitte (2018) supposed industry 4.0 is “a mix of hope and ambiguity”?
Thus the carefulness in this issue is normal, general and human. In terms of transportation
infrastructure and compared in a global range, Vietnam low- effective truck speeds, weight and height
limits for freight vehicles in highways increase cost-to-serve and lead to myriad delays. The challenge
is that many such limits cannot be released without the renovation and strict maintenance of highway,
bridge, and road assets. Road traffic regulations may also need to be updated in order to reduce any
gaps that lead to subjective interpretation by police officers and other authorities; a more transparent,
predictable approach to checkups and inspections would also help (Blancas, 2017).
Sub-regionally viewed, ASEAN highway is still connected with unsmooth trans-border from
Vietnam to Laos and Cambodia, not to say further. Domestic BOT payment queuing from 2 to over 10
minutes is also hindering to general efficacy. Surely one cannot expect of at trans-Indochina traffic just
as EU non-border influx and outflow. But the hope for smooth, automated, timeless checkpoints is still
in the horizon.
Vietnam logistics if wishing to remove roadblock for entering I.R.4.0. must deal with its
connection within ASEAN by road, sea, river and air moving in reality and by law.
Domestically speaking, although they haven’t been comprehensively measured, Vietnam’s
logistics costs are estimated to be high relative to both developed economies and key regional peers;
this is a direct result of the demand and supply trends just discussed (Pham & Yao, 2018). Logistics
cost (transport, storage, customs clearance) account for 21 to 25% GDP of Vietnam, equivalent to
639
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
USD37-40 million, most costly in the world, nearly threefold the regional countries’ as Singapore.
With these record cost, Vietnam trade is having lower hand in export market. With seafood, this cost
takes charge for 12%, furniture 23%, vegetable 29,5% and rice to 30% of total cost.
Blancas (2017) confimed Vietnam logistics accounts for 25% of total GDP, whereas US’s is
9.2% and China’s is 21%. Pham & Yao (2018) also noticed that in Vietnam, the very term of IR 4.0 is
still unfamiliar. Almost all industries in Vietnam is no further than Industry 3.0 and the operation is
disjointed, disunited. Thus, Vietnam will meet many difficulties to embrace Industry 4.0. There are
small number of enterprises in Vietnam that have caught up the first wave of this trend, typically e-port,
e-warehouse. Government also promulgated law supporting national and foreign firm to adopt new
technology in logistics in Vietnam (Vietnamese Government, 2017). Anyhow, with the above pointing
out of the shortage, one can recognize the situation in a less bright view.
An important point in the deployment of IR 4.0. in Vietnam is the low understanding of the
general population in the information site. Either shortage of basic knowledge in government agencies
for the IR 4.0. changes, (BBC, 2018; Thao, 2019) or a pervasive anxiety dominates the society.
Nguyen (2017) pointed out 3 weaknesses of Vietnamese logistics companies to be low starting
point which is 15-20 years slower than other countries in the region. Enterprises in this area are not
connected globally and weak in applying information technology.
The no less important point is that logistics infrastructure has not developed yet. Corruption in
infra-structure building and BOT abuse are roadblocks for the development of a 4.0. transparent mode.
Not only logistically improper, such BOT refused the reasonable calculation from the commercial
viewpoints. As such, the application of IoT, Big Data or A.I. will definitely be hindered as these pillars
of 4.0 IR would need transparency majorly.
It is quite clear that IR 4.0. must be based on 3.0 which is application of electronics and IT to
further automate production. For example, in Shanghai port, everything is automated without people:
from hoisting cranes, vehicles in the port. The coordinating room will just control, divide everything,
transfer data for forklifts and cranes (inherently automated) to do. In the realm of IR 4.0., containers,
forklifts, cranes, trailers will be equipped with or more exactly, each will be a computer to receive and
process data. They can proactively give suggestions (i.e. the container weight to be different from
manifest data, dangerous cargoes with high risk) for proactive handling. Coordination room, instead of
computer coordinator, will be AI-equipped with all the covering-big data collected for self-decision
which are optimized for minimized errors.
It is quite a close system. To be more open, data will be linked, synchronized with customs
bureau’s data, other related agencies such as quarantine, Certificate of Origin, regulations ... to shorten
the dead time. Hopefully this will be zero delay in blockchain.
In terms of time consummation, the core issue lies in the waiting time, connecting and the
correlating cost of each stage. Logistics players aim at reducing standby time, connecting time and
related cost of operating for individual stages. This will increase logistics efficiency.
Looking at governmental perspective, the biggest bottleneck of Logistics 4.0 in Vietnam
betrays in infrastructure, especially the areas that are related to the state. They are:
Road, waterway, air, railway, and interconnection facilities for multi-modalities are counted
herein. Those traffic jams, BOT cost increases and abuses, poor railway and river way traffic.
Infrastructure of state data is still very weak to such an extent that data are not yet fully computerized
on individual citizens and on companies. These cannot facilitate the ministries and industries to share
data, to enforce automation. I.E. Customs clearance data should be immediately passed to the grantee.
As for large-sized enterprises, most of them are dominant SOEs and are not highly effective
whilst FDI are limited for investing in logistics infrastructure.
640
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
Private enterprise segment is not so much as compared on growth, although some businesses
have made significant investments in automation in their single perspective for their own businesses
such as Vinamilk (production, warehouse lines), Vingroup, Thaco (assembly line).
The startups on technology are significant in number but it is quite a shortage of background
for them to apply.
It means that the number of Vietnam enterprises capable of implementing 4.0 for their own is
small. In the context of out-of-date outbound infrastructure, it is difficult for the whole industry for an
appellation of IR 4.0.
It is advisable that the government should facilitate for private sector development and capital
accumulation. Encouraging private and FDI firms to invest in logistics infrastructure both on roads, on
ports, on railways and seaways, river-ways as well. Completing the 3.0 soon in the range of whole
society, including individuals, businesses and state agencies.
The change of IR 4.0. touching the entities, governments, political alliances will also have
drastic impacts on social livelihood and traditional habits. This will really change not only the
superficial but also basic foundation of societies. Many rigid and improper for the new waves of
societies will be discarded. Surely, that may bring about a vacuum of power for human being to enter
and readjust for future usage.
2.2. Optimistic view: State and private sectors’ strong commitment next decade.
Wyatt (2018) was rather eager with Vietnam tendency of development. Over the past 20 years,
Vietnam has established itself as brightest manufacturing hotpots in South East Asia. In 1986 there
was 335 hectares of industrial park, in 2018, there was 80.000 hectares. This phenomenal growth can
be attributed to: Vietnam positioning itself as export driven economy, dedicated economic and
industrial zone, FTAs, strong economic growth, young and cheap workforce.
This can be translated as the physical and real estate legal bases for the development of 4.0. IR,
more specifically for the AI, IoT and Big Data.
It is so optimistic for some observers that Vietnamese firms will become leaders in digital
fields. These techno-addicts and Wi-Fi generation likewise incline toward an intelligent way to deal
with learning. This mixes data through framework joining by means of an intricate montage of pictures,
symbols, sound, video, recreation activity, diversions, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Shahroom &
Hussin, 2018). Really the A.I. Vietnamese students are now seen and heard more and more on national
and regional forums, from Samsung to universities.
Dinh (2018) observed that new transport methods (automation of vehicles) as unmanned
vehicles, robots and unmanned aircraft have been put into operation and bring financial benefits to
companies that have used them. In addition, logistics enterprises in the world also invest in robots to
classify goods in warehouses, delivery robots, automatic trucks, smart forklifts. This AI trend will soon
be applied in Vietnam logistics warehousing industries.
Bui (2018) highlighted IR 4.0 to be a place to develop new technologies such as Nano, 3D
printing, molecule biological technology, genetic technology, artificial intelligence. This technology
will connect all people in the world, enhance activities’ productivity of enterprises and organization.
This author has strong belief that Vietnam logistics IR 4.0. will be a successful one very soon.
In 2019, besides the 4 majors of the information technology industry: software engineering,
information systems, information security and graphic design, FPT University opened 2 more majors
as artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT). These are considered two main frames to
meet the intensive human resource needs for the IR 4.0. which are taking place strongly in all areas
Tuoi Tre, 2019). The issue here would be the application field for the graduates. If there is little chance
for them to start up, contribute in a satisfactory environment, it will be a waste of time and resource.
641
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
In terms of location and geography, the center of the global economy is moving from West to
East and by 2050 will be located between China and India. Vietnam is at the heart of Asia’s fast-
growing nations – being a participant in regional trade routes, and will benefit from growing demand
of the rising middle classes.
Wyatt (2018) noted that mobile phone user is 84% in 2017, 71% use smart phones on 93% total
phone users of Vietnam secondary cities. There are 71.26% area covered with 4G with a speed of
44.31 Mbps seconded in South East Asia to Singapore which is also the 4G-fastest-speed country of
the world. These are major points for developing the Big Data for developing logistics by
transportation companies as Vinfast, Uber, Goviet.
As a young and educated population, the average age in Vietnam is only 30.4 years. A
relatively high proportion of the population (70%) is of working age. The country provides universal
primary education, resulting in high adult literacy (95% of the population), and even higher youth
literacy (98% of the population). Youth and education can be considered assets in economic and digital
transformation. PC Magazine (2016) described Vietnam as South-East Asia’s Silicon Valley.
Emerging sectors and fast-growing sunrise industries in Vietnam already include finance technology
(fintech), telecommunications, electronics and computer manufacturing, and ICT services.
Along with a shift in the center of economic gravity to the East, the world’s technological
center is also moving towards the Asia Pacific region. Countries in the region are filing an increasing
number of patents – particularly China, which is also now second only to the United States in
providing venture capital. The global middle class is expanding rapidly. By around 2020, it is
projected to make up over 50% of the world’s population, up from about 30% in 2010. Future middle-
class expansion is projected to be heavily concentrated in Asia (88% of the next billion new entrants),
especially in China and India. This is set to benefit Vietnam’s tourism sector, as well as the export of
high-value foods and high-technology products. Tourism is one of Vietnam’s growing service sectors
– contributing 13.9% to GDP in 2015 but predicted to grow to over 15.2% by 2026. It is part of a
region-wide trend seeing a growth in international visitor numbers. Vietnam has comparative
advantages in the tourism market with natural geographic beauty, diverse cultures, and close proximity
to China. Vietnam has seen leapfrogging development in mobile communication technologies, with 4G
networks now covering over 95% of households. Vietnam aims to introduce 5G networks by 2020,
which have the potential to enable further digital transformation. The most promising use cases for 5G
in Vietnam are connected healthcare, smart cites, autonomous vehicles, industrial Internet of Things
and fixed wireless.
Exploiting the opportunities while navigating the challenges for Vietnam will require careful
consideration of the plausible futures that may eventuate from differing levels of digital transformation.
The next phase of this project will create scenarios for the next 20 years of Vietnam’s development,
based on how the next wave of digital technologies are adopted and implemented across Vietnam’s
industries, with particular focus on the agricultural and manufacturing sectors (CSIRO, 2018).
These are bright and serene statements, but it needs proper output which means the concrete
income for the investors, private mainly. For the public investor, we cannot expect much change due to
rigidity and impracticality. Individual property right in intellectual, firm management right, land-use
right is also major and basic, constitutional, institutional and universal issue that any entity or regime
should and must understand and have solution.
PWC (2018) informed that while respondents mention IR 4.0., not many fully understand its
concept and impacts. They estimate that IR 4.0. will require significant up-skilling, which may impact
their organization and ways of working. However, despite these uncertainties, Vietnamese respondents
are positively embracing IR 4.0. and expect to personally benefit from it.
Willy-nilly, the waves of these new, modern storms will sweep over Vietnam. There needs a
new generation to follow and enjoy not merely the chance but also the challenges and roadblock
642
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
blowing. That is the most reasonable way to be optimistic with the situation. One can also visualize the
give and take, the push and pull forces in the pioneer of the field.
Kolokotsas (2018) stated Google introduces 2019-2020 ads functions to be able to create and
apply content for social network effectively. It can also connect to potential customers and provide ads
on Google 1.0, YouTube and Email. Google also give essential notes for creating a website, produce
brand awareness and create attractive and effective video.
This may be considered as most pragmatic for logistic players at any level through the power of
Google and Youtube.
Also from an optimistic view, the institutional support is totally needed. Logistics IR 4.0.
requires automated and computerized content with low difficulty level; The main difficulty is from the
synchronization and determination from the parties involved in the logistics chain; telecommunications
infrastructure, human resources for IR 4.0., Vietnam should have and dig opportunity for Vietnam to
rise faster in this area.
In an interview with a newspaper, Vice Minister of Science and Technology Chu Hao said that
IR 4.0. offers more opportunities than challenges to Vietnam. Specifically, on job displacement, a risk
that concerns many, he said that Vietnam is yet to be the under the direct influence of IR 4.0., and
hence can still take time to prepare its labor force to adapt to the new trend. Interestingly, he said that
value chain segmentation in IR 4.0. is not as “competitive” as in the “industrial age of mass production”
(perhaps an allusion to Fordism, also referred to as the second industrial revolution by some) (Truong
& Nguyen, 2017). A lot of new jobs will come out even though 41% of businesses interviewed said
they will increase automation of many stages within the next two years. For example, the study found
that the demand for IT human resources is very large and rapidly increasing. 16% of companies plan to
increase recruitment of IT positions, five times higher than the number of companies planning to
reduce. Vietnam needs more than 1 million IT human resources before 2020 and the demand increases
47% per year. Or as 25% of industry employers expect to recruit more people next year (Truong &
Nguyen, 2017).
This has little thing to do with logistics field? Yes, it will have impacts on the shortage of
transportation experts.
LT (2019) highlighted that Vingroup 2018 signed a cooperation agreement with more than 50
leading universities in Vietnam; at the same time, announced the orientation to become the
technology- industry-international service group in the future. Sponsoring scientific and technological
research projects, exchange experiences between professors, researchers, students; teaching and
sharing knowledge, these are ambitious targets of Vingroup beside efforts to have 100,000 IT
graduates in next decade.
This may be regarded as a general applaud for the IR 4.0. in general, and for the logistics in
particular.
2.3. A mixture viewpoint- tug of war
Anbumozhi & Kimura (2018) highly accentuated the low quality-low cost of Vietnam,
Philippines and Indonesian habit of cost cutting.
The phrase "industrial revolution" implies great changes, not only economic, but also cultural
and social transformation in a comprehensive way. Vietnam is moving rapidly from the "golden
population structure” to aging population. The Fourth Industrial Revolution-IR 4.0.- should be seen as
an opportunity to increase productivity on the basis of scientific and technological applications,
effectively utilizing the current "golden population structure.” It is certain that education and training
will play a key role in solving this big problem (Phung, 2019).
643
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
Nasir (2018) has a bird eye view on the pillars of Indonesian IR 4.0.. This may be regarded as
Vietnam good exemplary implication, as it portrays similar flaws that a Vietnamese can easily
recognize. Competency-based Education is needed for Indonesian students. Technological assistance
will help such students to select the appropriate academic programs which fit to themselves.
The Internet of Things will encourage communications amongst the students, lecturers, tutors,
etc... as well as promote connectivity amongst the educational facilities, I.e. research equipment, tools,
machineries, libraries, open access to research centers.
Virtual and augmented reality will create an environment for Indonesian students so they could
work through virtual system but with the same programs. Especially for the complicated practicum
who deals with dangerous materials Artificial Intelligence (AI): online learning platform. Applying AI
will help Indonesian students to adjust with the required demands the students need.
Lahiri (2015) noticed that lengthy [import-export] customs processes are a major impediment
to efficiency. Vietnam’s customs requirements are more cumbersome than those in many other Asian
countries. It takes, for example, 21 days to export a cargo shipment from Vietnam, compared to 14
days for Thailand and 11 days for Malaysia. In terms of logistics electronic process, this is a cause and
result of the retardation in digital application. Viewing this as both hindrance and challenges for the
new entrants and start-ups would be suitable.
Another skeptical view stated that this term is still unfamiliar. Almost all industries in Vietnam
is in the Industry 3.0 and the operation is disjointed, disunion. Thus, Vietnam will meet many
difficulties to embrace IR 4.0.. There are small number of enterprises in Vietnam has caught up the
first wave of this trend, typically e-port, e-warehouse… Government also promulgated law supporting
national and foreign firm to adopt new technology in logistics in Vietnam (Pham & Yao, 2018). Law
and reality usually don’t match and there is a certain retardation. The law making in Vietnam is at
times backward with the current situation.
Despite the skepticism, there are also tugging back. The results show that IR 4.0. itself factors,
firm’s internal factors and firm external factors have positive influence in the IR 4.0. implementation
(Pham & Yao, 2018). To get a grasp on this, we have to understand the two competing effects that
technology exercises on employment. First, there is a destruction effect as technology-fuelled
disruption and automation substitute capital for labor, forcing workers to become unemployed or to
reallocate their skills elsewhere. Second, this destruction effect is accompanied by a capitalization
effect in which the demand for new goods and services increases and leads to the creation of new
occupations, businesses and even industries (Swabs, 2016).
From the starting points of IR 4.0., as artificial intellectual (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and Big
Data to synchronize, Viet Nam is now having companies using the platform to get the population and
customers as Piepxe, Grab, Go Viet, Livenguide, Vietnamta, Bonbon, Lovigan, sship,vn, lalamove. Many
of them are for both population and transportation purpose. Therefore, they are at the simple application
of IoT. As for Big Data, it is up to terms and conditions of the applications that the developers collect the
data of people and things. Some only collect datum of direct activities of application, some collect to
indirect datum, openly or secretly for their own and future use. Anyhow if there are just little things
involved, therefore one cannot say they are Big Data. For AI application in Vietnam platforms, we have
no proof of the usage of AI in Vietnam on this. Headway CEO so pointed out.
In terms of policy, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has announced and encouraged for a
facilitation and gate opening for the new revolution on January 24, 2019. Vietnam has been early
aware of these with competitive cost. Moreover, Vietnam is graded 90/100 of innovation and
technology, 92/11 on Technology Platform 77/100 on creativity (Ha, 2019). Anyway, above all, the
entity and regime will be decisive. Please also be reminded that all other domains as meteorology,
chemistry and space science, IR 4.0. will also be influencing.
644
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
In the customer care side, one of the key benefits of digital technologies is an enhanced
capacity to deliver value to your customers. This may take the traditional form of less expensive,
higher quality products. However, customers increasingly value products that allow them to work
better, save time or enjoy life more.
Maltaispi (2017) analyzed that starting to understand what one’s customers currently find
valuable about your products. Once one has discovered customers’ true motivations for buying from
oneself, he/she can find digital technology that will help him/her increase that value. If one is in a
price-sensitive industry, technology may help him drive down his costs, making him more price
competitive. However, customers don’t always buy on price. Often, they find installation services,
delivery time, product quality, warranties and other services more important and are willing to pay a
premium for those features.
For the attention from society and policy makers, there are many workshops as hereby. The
workshop co-ordinated by Vietnam E-commerce Association, Hai Phong Union of Science and
Technology Associations, E-Commerce Center (Hai Phong Department of Industry and Trade) and
Hai Phong Electronics and Informatics Association. organization.Digital revolution through Internet
technologies (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), cloud computing (Cloud
computing), big data (Big Data) ... to transform the real world into a digital world... is becoming the
focus of the whole society (Phung, 2019).
Human-beings are under scientific, technological and psychological anxiety from the
philosophical views as being controlled by the invisible, the despotic, the plutocratic and the new-
versioned robotic power. These issues have not been seen clearly in Vietnam logistics realm but it has
been spread out much in the information and media field. Development of the society to the wave of
world modernity. Definitely!
However, transparency and benefit in the glorious revolution 4.0. may not be of the people, by
the people neither for the people but it will be for the benefits and tightening control for the tycoons,
the tyrants and the invisible rulers somewhere behind the scenes.
Therefore, solving the IR 4.0. torrential issues ahead will not and never be just for a single class
or elite level but it also need the brain-storming of trans-border and trans-generation efforts. The
attractive banners of IR 4.0. may shove the races, nations into an obscure intoxication just like the
quasi-humanitarianism that may bring harm to the peoples and human beings.
One may also refer to the Chinese digital control of its citizen via AI technology with its raison
d’être of benefit for the mass or for the majority. That wave may also affect the snobbery-minded and
easy-to-lead policy makers which may apply to the mass as exemplary cases. This may lead to
calamity as having been seen over centuries.
Le (2019) stated that the AI, as one part of IR 4.0. may be misled to such a dangerous horizon
if the general people may be out of vigilance. Within these issues of hesitant, against and reluctantly
for the industrial revolution, one can also realize the vigilant psychology on the stormy digital
development. Quite a few populations of the world including Vietnamese refuse to be synchronized to
the connection. This ranges from credit card, virtual wallet, synchronized cell phones with emails, PC
and other social networks. This is somewhat Amish-styled response and reaction, and surely will have
significant dent on part of mankind.
645
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
Figure 1. Nine pillars of IR 4.0.
Source: Pham & Tsai (2018)
3. Conclusion
There are three main points in the development of the IR 4.0. for logistics and for the economy
as a whole. Policy, gate in and gate out, technology matching. On the policy making area, the IR 4.0. is
the theme of the Conference organized by Nhan Dan Newspaper Vietnam Tourism Association (VITA)
on March 28/ 2019 in Hanoi. This workshop is one of the important highlights of the VITM 2019
International Tourism Fair series taking place from March 27-30, in order to take advantage of the
achievements of the IR 4.0. pushing Vietnam's tourism industry to professionalize, develop quickly
and sustainably (Phung, 2019). This must be a long-term pursuit and not for PR only.
The second must be the in and out, the investment and the return, this should be from private
companies with heat and heart, with passion of conquering and ability to take charge. The third will be
an important hyphen to these above two forces. The matching of technology from a single student to
glamorous universities and corporates knowledge exchanges. Lacking one of this, no matter how vast
the population or purchasing force may be, one can only become dreamers in the waves of not only IR
4.0. but also, in less than 4.0. Industry Revolution.
To conclude, Dinh (2018)’s ideas may be most suggestible for the current Vietnam status in IR
4.0. in logistic. In order for Vietnam logistics industry to enter comprehensively into world arena,
government should go on with improving transport infrastructure as road, waterway and airway,
completing the export-import information system to ensure the satisfactory connection in logistics
activities, building applications for logistics industry, supporting young, special businesses and start-up.
A more transparent environment is also requested for in this period of change.
Last but not least, the change of IR 4.0. touching the entities, governments, political alliances
will also have drastic impacts on social livelihood and traditional habits. This will really change not
only the superficial but also basic foundation of societies. Many rigid and nor proper for the new
waves of societies will be discarded. Surely, that may bring about a vacuum of power for human being
646
Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Thương mại và phân phối” lần 2 năm 2020
to enter and readjust for future usage, not to say a gulf or a conflict between human beings and a new
robotic species ahead of us.
REFERENCES
1. Anbumozhi, V. & Kimura, F. (2018). ERIA-Books-2018 Industry 4.0 Circular Economy. Economic
Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
2. Aulbur, W., Arvind, C.J., & Bigghe, R. (2016). Skill Development for Industry 4.0. BRICS.
3. Blancas, L. C. (2017). Rapid growth, limited connectivity- Challenges and Opportunities in Vietnam
Logistics, Transport & Logistics Specialist. The World Bank
4. Bui, B.K. (2018). Industry 4.0 impact on logistics in Vietnam. International Journal of Economics,
Business and Management Research, 2(1).
5. Cameron, L. & Hajkowwicz, S. (2018). Future Vietnamese Digital Economy. CSIRO.
6. Dennis, G. & Lee, C. (2018). Vietnam Industry 4.0 Report, PWC.
7. Deloitte (2018). Industry 4.0: Are you ready Report.
8. Dinh, T.P. (2018). Logistics in Vietnam in Industrial Revolution 4.0. Baria Vungtau University.
9. Kolokotsas, D. (2018). VN Digital 4.0. Google.
10. Lahiri, A. (2015). Vietnam’s Logistics Sector-Sector pre-initiation overview. Viet Capital Securities.
11. Liao, Y.X. (2018). The impact of the fourth industrial revolution. Production.
12. Maltaispi, P.O.B., (2017). Industry 4.0, The New Industrial Revolution. BDC Study.
13. Nagy, J., Oláh, J., Erdei, E., Máté, D. & Popp, J. (2018). The Role and Impact of Industry 4.0 and the
Internet. MPDI.
14. Nasir, M. (2018). Policy for Curriculum and Competencies. Education World Forum 2018, London, UK.
15. Ngo, Q.D. (2019). Ecommerce in the 4.0. Industrial Revolution. Nhan Dan Newspapers.
cong-nghiep-4-0.html, accessed on 22/4/2019
16. Nguyen, X.D. (2017). The Development Strategy of Logistics to 2020: Lesson for Vietnam. Hong Duc
University, HRC17 Taiwan Conference.
17. Petri, D. (2018). Industry 4.0. Seminar, Università Degli Studi di Trento, Department of Industrial Engineer.
18. Pham, T.H.A. & Tsai, Y.T. (2018). The Critical Factors Affecting Industry 4.0 Adoption in Logistics.
Fengchia University
19. Rojko, A. (2017). The impact of the fourth industrial revolution. ECPE European Center for Power
20. Schlaepfer, R.C. & Koch, M. (2015). Integrating requirements of Industry 4.0. Deloitte.
21. Shahroom, A.A. & Hussin, N. (2018). Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Education. Intl Journal of Academic
Research in Business and Social Sciences.
22. Swabs, K. (2016). The fourth industrial revolution. World Economic Forum.
23. Tran, T.M.N. (2018). Integrating requirements of Industry 4.0 into maritime education. World Maritime
University, Malmo, Sweden.
24. Truong, M.V. & Nguyen, V.N.A. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
25. Tuoi tre (2019). With skills, human beings won’t fear robots. https://tuoitre.vn/nguoi-co-ky-nang-dau-so-
robot-20190424101248073.htm, accessed 22 Apr 2019
26. WB Report (2014). Skilling up Vietnam.
27. Wyatt, S. (2018). JLL Vietnam Industrial White Paper. JLL Research Report.
647
10 trang
18500
Free
Bạn đang xem tài liệu "Cách mạng 4.0 và logistics tại Việt Nam", để tải tài liệu gốc về máy hãy click vào nút Download ở trên
File đính kèm:
- cach_mang_4_0_va_logistics_tai_viet_nam.pdf
