Trách nhiệm xã hội của các doanh nghiệp chăn nuôi tại Việt Nam
Chuyên mục: Quản trị KD & Marketing - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 10 (2019)
TRÁCH NHIỆM XÃ HỘI CỦA CÁC DOANH NGHIỆP CHĂN NUÔI TẠI VIỆT NAM
Mai Thị Phượng1, Trần Trọng Hải2
Đỗ Anh Tài3
Tóm tắt
Trách nhiệm xã hội là một vấn đề đang được quan tâm tại Việt Nam, đặc biệt là trong ngành chăn nuôi.
Tuy nhiên, việc thực hiện trách nhiệm xã hội của các doanh nghiệp trong ngành chăn nuôi ở Việt Nam
hiện nay chỉ tập trung vào hai lĩnh vực: (1) Bảo hiểm xã hội; (2) bảo hiểm y tế cho người lao động.
Chính vì vậy nghiên cứu này đã đi sâu phân tích thực trạng để từ đó tìm ra những hạn chế của thực hiện
trách nhiệm xã hội trong các doanh nghiệp chăn nuôi. Nghiên cứu đã đưa ra tổng quan những tài liệu
liên quan đến nghiên cứu và phương pháp nghiên cứu để làm sáng tỏ tổng quan về ngành chăn nuôi và
vấn đề về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp trong ngành chăn nuôi. Bằng phương pháp thông tin
tổng hợp và phân tích dữ liệu từ năm 2010 đến 2018, nghiên cứu đã mô tả được thực trạng về ngành
chăn nuôi và chỉ ra 5 khó khăn khi thực hiện CSR. Từ đó nghiên cứu đưa ra các kiến nghị và đề xuất các
giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả trách nhiệm xã hội cho ngành chăn nuôi.
Từ khóa: Trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp, CSR, Bảo hiểm xã hội, Bảo hiểm y tế, Doanh nghiệp
chăn nuôi.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
OF LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM
Abstract
Social responsibility is an issue which has great interest in Vietnam, especially in the livestock sector.
However, the implementation of social responsibility of enterprises in the livestock sector in Vietnam
only focuses on two areas: (1) Social insurance for workers; (2) health insurance for workers.
Therefore, this research analyzed the situation to find out the limitations of implementing social
responsibilities in livestock enterprises. The research provided an overview of the related literature and
research methods to shed light on the livestock industry and corporate social responsibility in the
livestock sector. By the method of information synthesis and data analysis from 2010 to 2018, the
research described the situation of the livestock industry and showed 5 difficulties in implementing
corporate social responsibility (CSR). This research has made recommendations and suggestions
solutions to improve efficiency of corporate social responsibility for the livestock industry.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, CSR, social insurance, Health insurance Livestock
enterprises.
JEL classification: H32; J54; J83
on CSR of livestock enterprises are: Awareness
of livestock enterprises’ CSR is not sufficient;
Some livestock enterprises avoid CSR because
CSR is a cost; Livestock businesses equate CSR
to charity; Enterprises implement CSR passively
and do not consider CSR as their strategy;
Violations in CSR implementation with workers
and the environment are still occurring in Viet
Nam. There are still some limitations on CSR
research of livestock enterprises in Vietnam such
as it has not systematized the status of the
livestock industry in Vietnam. The CSR
limitations in Vietnam livestock companies have
not been fully assessed. There has not been a
comprehensive solutions system to improve the
1. Introduction
Livestock plays an important role in
Vietnam, a nation with a high reliance on
agriculture. Vietnam's GDP was VND 5,535.3
trillion ($ 240.6 billion) in 2018. The period
2011-2018 shows the livestock sector had high
growth rate from 4.5% to 5.3% per year. In 2018,
the total livestock production value of the whole
country was VND 210.35 trillion. The livestock
sector creates jobs and income for 6 million to 7
million households, 43% of rural households. In
the context of strong economic development
today, the issue of CSR is the survival of the
business. Activities of livestock enterprises
directly affect the community. Some limitations
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Chuyên mục: Quản trị KD & Marketing - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 10 (2019)
CSR effectiveness of livestock companies in
Vietnam. Therefore, CSR is a business mission
to develop sustainable agriculture. For the above
reasons, we conduct research on the subject:
Corporate Social Responsibility of livestock
enterprises in Vietnam.
new research. This research also proposes
solutions to improve the effectiveness of social
responsibility for livestock enterprises in
Vietnam.
To the best of our knowledge, there is no
systematic research, clarifying the theoretical
basis for social responsibility of livestock
2. Literature reviews
businesses
associated
with
specific
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is
understood as the behavior and activity of
businesses beyond the requirements of law,
economic benefits and science and technology.
There have been some domestic studies on CSR
such as Dang Thi Hoa, Giap Thi Huyen Trang
(2016), Corporate Social Responsibility: case
study at the company in Long Ha, Bac Giang.
The Vietnam governments’s goal to 2020 is for
Viet Nam to become a modern industrial
country. In 2020, the average growth rate of
gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to
reach 7 - 8% / year. With the development of
society, businesses in general, and enterprises in
the livestock industry in particular, need to
improve CSR.
In the world, there have been many research
studies on CSR which affirmed the role of
enterprises in the implementation of social
responsibility having a direct impact on the
process of social responsibility. Caitlin C.
Corrigan (2015) has basically analyzed the
situation of CSR in Southern Africa between 2009
and 2012. The author has based on the situation of
Southern Africa businesses and the reality of
implementing CSR to improving solutions to
improve CSR in Southern Africa. Finance
Magazine (2018) pointed out the outstanding
issues of CSR in the livestock sector include:
- Responsible for workers
characteristics in Vietnam. Further, there has
been no research providing a comprehensive
system of solutions to improve the social
responsibility of livestock enterprises in Vietnam
in general.
3. Research Methods
The research model is expected to be
pyramid-shaped. The Pyramid base is the legal
regulation on CSR, it is as high as other CSR of
livestock enterprises within society. The
hypothesis is that a livestock business ensures
which optimal level of CSR will meet these
conditions? Measurement methods include
expert reviews, single and multi-issue indicators,
and managers' surveys. CSR approach:
reputation index or database, a problem index
and multiple issues, analyze the content of the
company's publications. The CSR scale is
described at the individual level and at the
organizational level.
Collect information methods:
Collect secondary information and Primary
information gathering.
Investigation methods:
Participatory assessment (PRA). In-depth
interviews follow the form to collect information
related to the topic. Group discussion and
investigation.
3.2. Methods of data analysis
- Responsible for markets and consumers
Descriptive
statistics
method
and
comparative statistical method.
- Responsibility to protect the environment
4. Results and conclusions
Ethical,
humanitarian
and
charity
4.1.Overview of Vietnam’s livestock sector
responsibilities
The livestock sector of Vietnam can be
illustrated by figures by graph of the change in
the number of some livestock from 2010 to 2018
and graph of changes in the number of poultry
from 2010 to 2018.
CSR follows a pyramid scheme that
includes the wages law; social insurance
regulations; health insurance regulations;
environmental protection charges.
However, research on CSR of livestock
enterprises in Vietnam in the current context is
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Chuyên mục: Quản trị KD & Marketing - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 10 (2019)
Table 1: Changes in population of some livestock herds from 2010 to 2018
2010
27373.1
2913.4
5787.7
2011
27056
2412
2012
2013
2014
2015
27751
2524
5367
2016
28312
2519
5497
2017
27406.7
2491.7
5654.9
2018
28152
2425.1
5668
26493.9 26261.4 26761.6
Pig
2627.8
5027.2
2559.5
4970.3
2511.9
5234
Buffalo
Cattle
5293.9
Unit: Thousand heads, Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook
heads) in 2018. The corresponding increase is
102.85%.
According to figure 1, the number of pigs
raised in Vietnam has increased from 27373.1
(thousand heads) in 2010 to 28152 (thousand
40,000.00
35,000.00
30,000.00
25,000.00
20,000.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
5,000.00
-
2010
2011
2012
Pig
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Buffalo
Cattle
Figure 1. Changes in population of some livestock herds from 2010 to 2018
Source: Authors
The above data shows that the demand for
pork in Vietnam is very high and stable over the
years. Vietnam has also slightly reduced the
number of buffalo from 2913.4 (thousand heads)
to 2425.1 (thousand) for nearly a decade. The
number of buffalo reduced is also one of the
reasons for the decrease in cattle in Vietnam
from 5787.7 (thousand) in 2010 to 5668
(thousand) in 2018.
Table 2: Changes in population of poultry flocks from 2010 to 2018
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2010
300.5
2017
2018
322.6
308.5
314.7
327.7 341.91 341.89 385.46 408.97
Poultry
Unit: Thousand heads, Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook
According to figure 2, the number of poultry
in Vietnam increased sharply from 300.5
(thousand) in 2010 to 322.6 (thousand) in 2011.
then the number of poultry has decreased slightly
to 308.5 (thousand). ) in 2012. From 2013 to
2018, the number of poultry increased
continuously from 314.7 (thousand) to 408.97
(thousand) in 2018. Thus, the number of poultry
in Vietnam has increased by 136,09% in a
decade.
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Chuyên mục: Quản trị KD & Marketing - TẠP CHÍ KINH TẾ & QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH SỐ 10 (2019)
Poultry
450
400
350
300
250
Poultry
200
150
100
50
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Figure 2. Changes in population of poultry flocks from 2010 to 2018
Source: Authors
According to the General Statistics Office of
Vietnam, the area for livestock accounts for 26%
of Vietnam's total. In addition, Vietnam uses 33%
of agricultural land to produce feed for the
livestock industry. Livestock industry causes great
pollution to the living environment of Vietnam.
The livestock sector generates a large amount of
waste including liquid waste and solid waste.
4.2. Corporate social responsibility of livestock
enterprises in Vietnam
Corporate social responsibility is stipulated in
the labor law including: Paying social insurance for
employees, paying health insurance for workers,
paying environmental protection fees. Currently,
businesses are also interested in other issues in the
community such as contributing to environmental
protection funds; participate in learning promotion
funds; support community programs.
Box 1: People's assessment of environmental pollution
“The water in this area is polluted by feed mills and livestock farms discharging water into the
environment. People here do not dare to use river water for drinking water like we still used 20 years
ago”
Interview Ms. Nguyen Thi Yen (56 years old),
Ngo village, Yen Bang commune, Y Yen district, Nam Dinh province
At 08.30 am on July 28, 2019.
Estimates of the amount of solid waste that
livestock can release are: Cow 10 (kg / head /
20-24 million m3 without treatment is discharged
directly into the environment and has been
causing serious environmental pollution.
Currently, most of the resources such as land,
water, and discharging lakes are being used
freely by the livestock industry at no charge or at
a much lower cost than its real value. This has
prompted the livestock industry to grow
massively, without planning and causing many
day), buffalo 15 (kg/head /day), pig
2
(kg/head/day), poultry 0.2 (kg/head/day).
According to the General Statistics Office of
Vietnam, in 2018 Vietnam had 36,788.9
(thousand animals). So, every year, the livestock
discharges into the environment about 73 million
tons of solid waste (dry feces, leftovers). At the
same time, 36,788,9 thousand animals
discharged 25-30 million cubic meters of liquid
waste including liquid manure, urine, and water
for cleaning cages. According to calculations,
about 50% of solid waste equivalent to 36.5
million tons, 80% of liquid waste equivalent to
environmental
problems.
According
to
calculations, every 1 ton of fresh manure will
discharge into the air about 0.24 tons of CO2.
Thus, the total volume of livestock waste in
Vietnam in a year discharged into the air is 17.52
million tons of CO2.
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Table 3 shows that enterprises in the
agricultural sector surged from 2569 enterprises in
2010 to 5268 enterprises in 2018, a corresponding
increase of 205.1% within a decade.
Table 3: Agricultural enterprises from 2000 to 2018
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
23774
27114
29389
33477
34048
35126
Farms
Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook
Starting from the goal by 2020, our country
will become a modern industrialized country;
social - political stability, democracy, discipline,
consensus; the material and spiritual life of the
people is enhanced; independent ethnicity,
ensuring sovereignty, unity and territorial
integrity; Vietnam's position in the international
arena continues to grow; creating a solid premise
for higher development in later stages. In 2020,
the average growth rate of gross domestic product
(GDP) will be from 7% to 8% / year. GDP in
2020 at constant prices is about 2.2 times
compared to 2010; GDP per capita at current
prices is about 3,000 USD. With the development
of society, businesses in general and enterprises in
the livestock sector in particular need to improve
social responsibility (CSR).
In fact, Vietnam is very interested in CSR.
Specifically, every year, Vietnam encourages
businesses with reputable brands, sustainable
development, good social security policies, and
environmental protection. However, most
businesses are honored as import-export
enterprises. Some enterprises in the livestock
sector in Vietnam have not willingly paid
attention to CSR. Many livestock enterprises are
also acting irresponsibly, such as hiring short-
term labor (less than 3 months) and constantly
replacing new employees to avoid paying health
insurance and social insurance for workers. This
behavior causes direct damage to the state and
infringes on labor rights. Some livestock
enterprises cause serious pollution to the
environment due to direct discharge into the
environment. According to the Vietnam National
Environment Report in 2018, the number of
enterprises with environmental treatment systems
is low, accounting for 6-8% of businesses, the
average investment rate for this is only 5-7 % of
investment capital (Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment - 2018). In 2018,
there were about 3 million workers working in
livestock enterprises on short-term basis who are
not allowed to participate in social insurance and
health insurance. VCCI's report shows that up to
50% of businesses in the livestock sector evade
social insurance at different levels.
Currently, Vietnam is facing with serious
problems on CSR in lots of province. In Thai
Nguyen province has more than 188 thousand
employees working in enterprises in the area
(2018). As of 2018, the province has 246
enterprises and farms in the field of livestock. Most
of them have less than 50 employees. On average,
each year, the province organizes nearly 300
conversations between enterprises and workers.
The inspection and supervision of the
implementation of labor policies by enterprises are
quite tight. However, in 2018, the Thai Nguyen
Labor Federation conducted 119 inspections at
enterprises, thereby making records
of
administrative violations against 50 enterprises in
the livestock sector for violations in implementing
the regime of health insurance, social insurance for
laborers, making mistakes on environmental
pollution and paying taxes to the State.
Quang Ngai province currently has nearly
4,000 operating businesses, of which businesses
in the livestock sector account for about 47%.
According to the Labor Federation of Quang
Ngai Province, in 2017, more than 80 livestock
enterprises in the province owed tax arrears. The
province has recovered more than 120 billion
dong of tax debt in 2018. In addition, the
situation of environmental pollution, livestock
waste also affects the lives of people.
Meanwhile, businesses do not really have a
sustainable environmental protection strategy.
Hanoi capital has a total of 200,000
businesses. In which enterprises in the livestock
sector (mainly enterprises processing finished
products from livestock farms) accounting for 30%,
about 60,000 enterprises. The rate of tax arrears in
general and businesses in the field of raising debts
in particular are quite high. Accordingly, in 2017,
the Hanoi Tax Department published in the press
the information of 627 large tax debt units, the City
issued a decision to enforce more than 1 thousand
businesses. As of December 31, 2018, Hanoi had
311 units that were publicly repaid with nearly
VND 1,771 billion.
The issues of social responsibility (CSR) of
some small and medium-sized enterprises in the
livestock sector in northern Vietnam include:
- Not fully paying taxes
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- Evading social insurance for employees
- Evading health insurance for employees
- Causing environmental pollution
businesses in Vietnam are always a focus of
government. Activities of implementing social
responsibility of enterprises are increasingly
recognized properly and comprehensively.
Corporate social responsibility is not only legal
activities such as settlement of social insurance,
health insurance for workers but also community
activities, environmental responsibility and
people. local. These activities are not small and
seasonal but require continuing and long-term
commitment to the interests of society.
Implementing social responsibility is both a
responsibility and a right of the business.
Through the implementation of social
responsibility, the livestock enterprises bring out
the message and culture of businesses with
Vietnamese people.
Therefore, livestock enterprises in Vietnam
need to continue to improve the effectiveness of
social responsibility such as environmental
protection, encourage people to study and progress,
and implement useful activities for the society.
Solutions to improve the social responsibility
of livestock businesses in Vietnam are:
-
There is no responsibility to the
community such as: encouraging learning,
expanding meaningful movements
There are two main groups of factors
affecting corporate social responsibility. They
are internal factors and external factors
Internal factors are awareness of CSR and
legal awareness of business leaders; Size and
competence of the business; The level of
international
integration
of
enterprises;
Perceptions of employees in the business.
External factors are legal system; Inspection
and supervision activities of management
agencies; Awareness of the community;
Participation of related organizations and media
agencies..
Vietnam is in a period of strong economic
development, the issue of corporate social
responsibility is increasingly of concern.
5. Findings and recommendations
Enterprises in the livestock sector in Vietnam
today still face some difficulties when
implementing CSR, of which main challenges are:
Inadequate awareness of CSR, stopping at funding
activities; Lack of incentives and support policies
from the Government; CSR activities are limited,
sometimes causing negative effects in the
community. The legality of assessing the
implementation of CSR in Vietnam is still limited
and inadequate. Some businesses lack of financial
and technical resources to implement CSR.
In the context of Vietnam's strong economic
development today, the issue of CSR is
increasingly of concern. Livestock enterprises in
Vietnam need to be more concerned with CSR
because the operation of livestock enterprises
directly affects the community.
Firstly, the Government needs to have clear
laws and sub-laws system.
Requesting the enterprises to ensure the
basic rights and benefits for employees,
including: Signing labor contracts and employees
insurance participating; Strictly comply with the
terms of the contract on job placement,
resignation; Full and timely wages payment.
Comply with regulations on the working
regime of employees: working time, break time,
vacation time, insurance leave.
Severely sanctioning prohibited acts in the
use of labor such as forced labor, distinguishing
between male and female workers, and using
child labor.
Secondly, encourage businesses to make
voluntary decisions and actions, showing ethical
responsibility for their employees.
The livestock industry causes pollution to
the living environment of Vietnam. Animal and
livestock production generates a large amount of
waste including liquid waste and solid waste.
Thirdly, the Government should define
environmental
businesses
obligations
educating
for
and
livestock
raising
The amount of animal waste needs
a
Propagating,
comprehensive and effective management and
treatment system. However, in Vietnam today a
high percentage of animal waste has not been
managed and handled well. It is estimated that
about 50% to 60% of animal waste in Vietnam is
discharged directly into the environment, causing
serious environmental pollution.
awareness of environmental protection
Finaly, corporate social responsibility is also
expressed through the common good cause,
through
community
participation
and
development, and the expansion of initiatives
and activity in the implementation of common
community goals such as protection. and
sustainable development of culture, education,
The Livestock industry always plays an
important role in Vietnam's economy. Livestock
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poverty reduction, donation to social funds,
funding of socially oriented programs. With that
meaning, businesses have a responsibility to
participation and support of social organizations
and movement activities; actively participate in
cultural
propagation
activities,
promote
contribute
to
the
community
through
education in a positive way.
REFERENCES
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[2]. Abao L., H. Kono, A. Gunarathne, R. Promentilla and M. Gaerlan. (2014). Impact of foot-and-
mouth disease on pork and chicken prices in Central Luzon, Philippines. Preventive Veterinary
Medicine. Vol 113 (4). pp. 398 - 406
[3]. Acemoglu D. (2014). Localized and biased technologies: Atkinson and Stiglitz's view, induced
innovations, and directed technological change. Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society. Vol 0
(583). pp.443 - 463
[3]. Barnett, M. L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and the variability of financial returns to
corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32, 794 - 816.
[4]. Caitlin C. Corrigan. (2015). CSR and local context: The case of mining in Southern Africa.
[5]. Finance Magazine. (2018). Social responsibility issues in the present context.
[6]. John Blewitt. (2008). Understanding Sustainable Development.
[7]. Peter P. Rogers, Kazi F. Jalal and John A. Boyd. (2007). Introduction to Sustainable Development.
[8]. Nguyen Thanh Sơn, Pham Van Duy, Le Thanh Hai. (2016). Situation and Orientation of pig
production in Viet Nam.
[9]. Simon Dresner. (2008). Principles of Sustainability.
[10]. Dang Thi Hoa, Giap Thi Huyen Trang. (2016). The issue of corporate social responsibility, a case
study at the company in Long Ha, Bac Giang.
[11]. Pham Thi Thanh Thao. (2017). Research on the current situation and solutions to raise and
consume pork products to ensure food hygiene and safety in Lam Dong.
[12]. Mai Thi Phuong, Tran Trong Hai, Do Anh Tai. (2019). Opportunities and challenges in
sustainable development of the livestock sector in Vietnam, 2019.
[13]. Vu Dinh Ton. (2017). The level of meat consumption and consumer understanding of food hygiene
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Thông tin tác giả:
Ngày nhận bài: 05/07/2019
Ngày nhận bản sửa: 15/9/2019
Ngày duyệt đăng: 25/9/2019
1. Mai Thị Phượng
- Đơn vị công tác: Học viện Nông Nghiệp Việt Nam
- Địa chỉ email: maiphuong8408@ yahoo.com.vn
2. Trần Trọng Hải
- Đơn vị công tác: Tập đoàn Trang Khanh
3. Đỗ Anh Tài
- Đơn vị công tác: Trường ĐH Kinh tế & QTKD
51
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09/01/2024
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